C_StringPrint_Setup TPrintxxHHL Xg(HH(dh StartupSound_TabLISTBook_Prefs*Act  ,, Ԑ ըList    Scene   դ Drawing_Model   Draw_Specs  JJ!  diagram_struct_arrayDependentsdrmd ScriptPad_List Manuscript )R)Play@@) Ԑ  ( 0K8K0Play_PrefsPP??@!2 VV)w  4Model$ )r 0 t LBBJ DSubscript_Set_List Subscript_Set- `Array&CoalGas TechnologyV#Model_IndexN,Simulation_ModelMRun_Specsjj?@?1bTimeentity_struct_arrayJ1entity_struct2gs  ??????BGeneration Capacity!! { Place initial value here... }int16_array"PQR 5( @A  double_arraytoken_type_array  run_handle_array!!Draw_Index"" Poster_Info##Array_Info$$USubscript_Tuple%%Q"OA_Subscript&& \&L ܜK ( ܠ&12FirmF-#N?B<*-g5kP  UZ{ ""LMqueue''Units((2l??3??BIn_Construction0 @A   token_type))!44Generation capacity under construction. Units: MW. " #$ %"& \& ܜ/"":;'(2c  ??? jz???EA??g|?? jz?{g3?{g35???B? ^ ?>?{g3Standard_Demand RANDOM(0,1.)!XX??ə?333334?ٙ??333333?ffffff?陙??XX??fffffg?Q?fffffg?Q?\(?p =q?Q??޸Q?zG )))))!66Random distribution of daily demand for electricity. " #'(2sA悔]rK??A A悔]rKA悔]rKA悔]rKS???B??A悔]rKCumulative_Prices0 )!TTAccumulation of year prices used to compute the average daily prices. Units: $/MWh." #'(2f .A%Doi@WlF??@I%@0DbA%Doi@WlFAP~AX04???B@F(s?AX0 New_Prices//Daily_Electricity_Demand*Market_Clearing_Price! )!)) !55Price paid for today's electricity demand. $/MWh/Day" #'(2!s#  @d@6ގ??@W5~bf@rM5@d@6ގ@6ގ@6ގE?????m0B@d?B@6ގGeneration Capacity[Coal,1]$$Peak_Demand*.95/DIMSIZE(Capital[*])"PQR ( @A   $ )")*)?ff)ffff) )P)N)) !FFGeneration capacity on a per-firm / per-technology basis. Units: MWh." #%"& \& ܜ/'(2s ??@W5~bf@rM5???B?BGeneration Capacity[Coal,2]0 ( @A  )!" #%"& \& ܜ/'(2l??@;y!@vB?BIn_Construction[Coal,1]0 @   )!" #%"& \& ܜ/'(2l??@;y!@vB?BIn_Construction[Coal,2]0 A  )!" #%"& \& ܜ/'(2f  ?????B  InvestmentsPULSE(1,365,365)*(Average_Demand*1.2*(1+Fractional_Demand_Growth_Rate)^(Construction_Time[Technology]+Average_Depreciation_Times[Technology])*ARRAYSUM(Generation_Capacity[*,Firm])/ARRAYSUM(Generation_Capacity[*,*])-(ARRAYSUM(Generation_Capacity[*,Firm])+ARRAYSUM(In_Construction[*,Firm]))*(1-1/Average_Depreciation_Times[Technology])^(1+Construction_Time[Technology]+Average_Depreciation_Times[Technology]))*Technology_Selection[Firm,Technology]/ARRAYSUM(Technology_Selection[Firm,*])*.25 + 0*(Capital[Firm]+Auction_Payments[Firm]+Investment_Costs[Technology]) {PULSE(1,365,365)*MIN((Capital[Firma]-Pagos_por_Subastas[Firma])*/Costos_de_Inversin[Tecnologa],(Demanda_Promedio*0.95-ARRAYSUM(Capacidad_de_Generacin[*,*])/DIMSIZE(Costos_de_Inversin[*])))}$u)LMPk !It is assumed, for now, that firms distribute investment capital in equal parts among available technologies. No access to credit is assumed. In the game this correspond to a decision." #$ %"& \& ܜ/" "@A'(2af I??@;y!???BB Investments[Coal,1]PULSE(1,365,365)*(Average_Demand*1.2*(1+Fractional_Demand_Growth_Rate)^(Construction_Time[Coal]+Average_Depreciation_Times[Coal])*ARRAYSUM(Generation_Capacity[*,1])/ARRAYSUM(Generation_Capacity[*,*])-(ARRAYSUM(Generation_Capacity[*,1])+ARRAYSUM(In_Construction[*,1]))*(1-1/Average_Depreciation_Times[Coal])^(1+Construction_Time[Coal]+Average_Depreciation_Times[Coal]))*Technology_Selection[1,Coal]/ARRAYSUM(Technology_Selection[1,*])*.25 + 0*(Capital[1]+Auction_Payments[1]+Investment_Costs[Coal]) {PULSE(1,365,365)*MIN((Capital[Firma]-Pagos_por_Subastas[Firma])*/Costos_de_Inversin[Tecnologa],(Demanda_Promedio*0.95-ARRAYSUM(Capacidad_de_Generacin[*,*])/DIMSIZE(Costos_de_Inversin[*])))}$$$v*LM: !Ql $II))m)m))))))?33)3333) ))$) )v)*) )) ))L)B)) )))L)M)B)) ))L)B))):)B)) )))*) ) ))v) )*) )) ) ) ) ) ) )!)B)) ))?)) ))Q)) )) ) ) !" #%"& \& ܜ/'(2af I??@;y!???BB Investments[Coal,2]PULSE(1,365,365)*(Average_Demand*1.2*(1+Fractional_Demand_Growth_Rate)^(Construction_Time[Coal]+Average_Depreciation_Times[Coal])*ARRAYSUM(Generation_Capacity[*,2])/ARRAYSUM(Generation_Capacity[*,*])-(ARRAYSUM(Generation_Capacity[*,2])+ARRAYSUM(In_Construction[*,2]))*(1-1/Average_Depreciation_Times[Coal])^(1+Construction_Time[Coal]+Average_Depreciation_Times[Coal]))*Technology_Selection[2,Coal]/ARRAYSUM(Technology_Selection[2,*])*.25 + 0*(Capital[2]+Auction_Payments[2]+Investment_Costs[Coal]) {PULSE(1,365,365)*MIN((Capital[Firma]-Pagos_por_Subastas[Firma])*/Costos_de_Inversin[Tecnologa],(Demanda_Promedio*0.95-ARRAYSUM(Capacidad_de_Generacin[*,*])/DIMSIZE(Costos_de_Inversin[*])))}$$$v*ML;"#Rm $II))m)m))))))?33)3333) ))$) )v)*) )) ))M)B)) )))L)M)B)) ))M)B)));)B)) )))*) ) ))v) )*) )) ) ) )") )")#)B)) ))?)) ))R)) )) ) ) !" #%"& \& ܜ/'(2m ??G???B New_Available CapacityConstruction_Time[Technology]u !HHConstruction time for new capacity. Changes for each technology: years." #$ %"& \& ܜ/" "FG'(2m ??@;y!???BB New_Available Capacity[Coal,1]Construction_Time[Coal]v )v!" #%"& \& ܜ/'(2m ??@;y!???BBNew_Available Capacity[Coal,2]Construction_Time[Coal]v )v!" #%"& \& ܜ/'(2c. ??????OBase Marginal Costs// { Place right hand side of equation here... }h !" #$%& \'(2c@N@N??@N@N@N@N@N@N???B@N?O@NBase Marginal Costs[Coal]60i )0) THEN MAX(0,Permits_to_Auction*Required_Permits[Firm]/ARRAYSUM(Required_Permits[*])) ELSE 08< !Permits assigned to a particular firm. In principle must be done on the basis of auction. Approximated here by assigning permits in proportion to the prices offered. Auctions take place on a yearly basis. " #$%& ܜ/"'(2,c|@hZ ??@4.O@hZ ???B? Permit Distribution[1]}}IF (ARRAYSUM(Required_Permits[*])>0) THEN MAX(0,Permits_to_Auction*Required_Permits[1]/ARRAYSUM(Required_Permits[*])) ELSE 08= X))8)B))))))))) ))8)B)) )))))!" #%& ܜ/'(2,c|@XG??@4.O@XG@_u@_u???B? @_uPermit Distribution[2]}}IF (ARRAYSUM(Required_Permits[*])>0) THEN MAX(0,Permits_to_Auction*Required_Permits[2]/ARRAYSUM(Required_Permits[*])) ELSE 08> X))8)B))))))))8) ))8)B)) )))))!" #%& ܜ/'(2c}?????? Required_Permits~~MAX(0,(CO2_per_Firm[Firm]*365-Emission_Permits[Firm]))^(Permit_Auction_Price[Firm]^.1/(ARRAYSUM(Permit_Auction_Price[*])^.1)) cd !Permits required by a firm to operate 100% of its generation capacity which includes all available technology investments. Units: Tons of CO2 Permits." #$%& ܜ/8'(2-ct@!??@!???B? Required_Permits[1]uuMAX(0,(CO2_per_Firm[1]*365-Emission_Permits[1]))^(Permit_Auction_Price[1]^.1/(ARRAYSUM(Permit_Auction_Price[*])^.1)) cd \)))m) )) )))c))?)))c)d)B)))?))) )!" #%& ܜ/'(2cU ??????BPermit_Auction_PriceVVMAX(1,ARRAYSUM(Value_at_Risk[Firm,*]))/ARRAYSUM(Required_CO2[Firm,*])*Discount_FactorT8- !Price per CO2 permit that a firm is willing to pay, which is the basis for the auction. For now is computed as a value at risk per emision permit. In the role-based game corresponds to a decision. $/CO2 Permit. " #$%& ܜ/"cd'(2"c{ @p@TC??@b@R@p@TC@p@pV???B@TC??@pMarket_Clearing Price||IF (ARRAYSUM(Dispatch[*])STARTTIME THEN Cumulative_Prices/(Cumulative_Demand-INIT(Cumulative_Demand)) ELSE Cumulative_Prices  D)))))))))))!)) ) )))!AAAverage price of electricity computed on a daily basis. $ / MWh." #'(2sA,Q숱B@Ҁ??A5J@@A,Q숱B@ҀA,Q숱BA,Q숱B|???B@Ҁ?>A,Q숱BCumulative_Demand4/7*Peak_Demand*365"  ))) )") )m) !}}Demand acumulated over time. Used to compute the average price per MWh. Initial value computed to eliminate warm-up effects." #'(2f @} x2ܪ@^x.FX??@xwL@Si'@} x2ܪ@^x.FX@oQy7@q 4"#???B@h2nf> @q 4" New_DemandDaily_Electricity_Demand! )!!$$Daily demand of energy. MWh per Day" #'(2cG @} x2ܪ@^x.FX??@xwL@Si'@} x2ܪ@^x.FX@q 4"@q 4"n???B@h2nf?>!@q 4"Daily_Electricity DemandHHPeak_Demand*Standard_Demand*EXP(ARRAYSUM(Log_of_Efficiency_Impacts[*])) " gxy% , )")) ))))B)))) !ooDaily electricity demand obtained as a fraction of the peack using the "Standard Demand" distribution. Peak demand is also affected by investment in conservation projects. The exponential function is used here to achieve a product of all program effects, which were previously applied logarithms: Effect 1 * ... * Effect n = Exp(Log(Effect 1) + ... + Log(Effect n))." #'(2s $@}~@u??@V8@u@}~@u@}~@}~t???B@u?>"@}~ Peak_Demand350M#!&# )^!uuPeak yearly demand in MWh. Daily demand is computed randomly using the distribution specified in "Standard Demand". " #'(2f)(??*?u R???ف`_\o?kOA:7??*?u R?Ԋ_??*???B?u R>#??*Net_Demand Increase**Fractional_Demand_Growth_Rate*Peak_Demand$"" )$)") !Peak demand is assumed to grow at a constant rate during the simulation. This value is updated on a daily basis. Units: MWh / Day. " #'(2c)? k? k???ec?ec? k? k? k? k7???B? k?>$? kFractional_Demand Growth_Rate.03/365 # @A ))?) k!88Fractional demand growth rate. Units: MWh / MWh / Year." #'(2#ff 1@t`s@F`z0??@tBV@t`s@F`z0@To۫D@]6Pw???B@i3h'aN %@]6PTotal_CO2_Emissionsgg(Daily_Electricity_Demand-ARRAYSUM(Dispatch[*]))*ARRAYMAX(CO2_Rates[*]) + ARRAYSUM(CO2__Emisions[*,*])!xyg+,*& H)!)x)y)B)) )))G)) )+),)))B)) !xxNew CO2 emissions to the atmosphere, based on the dispatch and endogenous CO2 emission rates. Units: Tons of CO2 / Day." #'(2s"0 A%A??A#ZC5@A%AA%A%(???BA? &A%Cumulative_CO2##Peak_Demand*.6*365*CO2_Rates[Coal]"0% $ )")*)?33)3333) )m) )) !))Accumulation of CO2. Units: Tons of CO2." #'(2c.2??????O'Base_CO2 Rates// { Place right hand side of equation here... } !" #$%& \()'(2c'@@????@@@@C???B@?O(@Base_CO2 Rates[Coal]2 )!DDGeneration of CO2 per type of technology. Units: Tons of CO2 / MWh." #%& \'(2c'?????????????B??O)?Base_CO2 Rates[Gas].1 ))?)!" #%& \'(2c 3??Z???? *CO2_ EmisionsIF (ARRAYSUM(Offered_Capacity[Firm,*])>0) THEN CO2_Rates[Technology]*Dispatch[Firm]*Offered_Capacity[Firm,Technology]/ARRAYSUM(Offered_Capacity[Firm,*]) ELSE 05g% ![[CO2 emissions by firm and technology, computed based on dispatch. Units: Tons of CO2 / Day" #$ %"& ܜ/& \"+,'(2-c*@tԣ??@TBV@tԣ@Fގ@Fގ???B@h2nf? +@FގCO2_ Emisions[1,Coal]IF (ARRAYSUM(Offered_Capacity[1, *])>0) THEN CO2_Rates[Coal]*Dispatch[1]*Offered_Capacity[1,Coal]/ARRAYSUM(Offered_Capacity[1, *]) ELSE 0 5x% T)))B)))))))x) )) )))B)) )))!" #%"& ܜ/& \'(2-c*@(h:T??@;q]hC@(h:T@$'&n@$'&n???B? ,@$'&nCO2_ Emisions[1,Gas]IF (ARRAYSUM(Offered_Capacity[1, *])>0) THEN CO2_Rates[Gas]*Dispatch[1]*Offered_Capacity[1,Gas]/ARRAYSUM(Offered_Capacity[1, *]) ELSE 0 5x% T)))B)))))))x) )) )))B)) )))!" #%"& ܜ/& \'(2cc??????B-Auctioned Electricity PriceddMIN(Marginal_Costs[Technology]+CO2_Rates[Technology]*Permit_Auction_Price[Firm],Peak_Loader_Prices)  !"# !Offered price for the daily market. Each technology uses a different price. Price right now is computed using marginal costs, and the cost of emision permits, and is capped by the peak-loader price. Units: $/MWh. " #$ %"& ܜ/& \"./34'(2 c#T-@p@N }ɢ@rQ?@b@p@N }ɢ@v2b@v2b???B@N }ɢ?B.@v2b$$Auctioned Electricity Price[1,Coal]UUMIN(Marginal_Costs[Coal]+CO2_Rates[Coal]*Permit_Auction_Price[1],Peak_Loader_Prices)c ! )))c) ) )))!" #%"& ܜ/& \'(2 c"R-@xel.Ӎ@T<@rQ?@a'r5@R@xel.Ӎ@T<@VYg@VYg???B@T<?B/@VYg##Auctioned Electricity Price[1,Gas]SSMIN(Marginal_Costs[Gas]+CO2_Rates[Gas]*Permit_Auction_Price[1],Peak_Loader_Prices)c ! )))c) ) )))!" #%"& ܜ/& \'(2c;@z-q@fhtl_O:??@j-q@TI͋@z-q@fhtl_O:@fhtl_O:@fhtl_O:K???B@z-q? 0@fhtl_O:Average_CO2 EmissionsCumulative_CO2/(TIME+365)& )&)))m) ) !LLAverage CO2 emissions computed on a daily basis. Units: Tons of CO2 / Year." #'(2g>?????B?1Demand !" #'(2g ??????B?2 Spot Market !" #'(2 c#T-@p@N??@b@p@N@9V@9V???B@N?B3@9V$$Auctioned Electricity Price[2,Coal]UUMIN(Marginal_Costs[Coal]+CO2_Rates[Coal]*Permit_Auction_Price[2],Peak_Loader_Prices)d"# )))d) ) )))!" #%"& ܜ/& \'(2 c"R-@ td 9@TC??@a'r5@R@ td 9@TC@b^$@b^$???B@TC?B4@b^$##Auctioned Electricity Price[2,Gas]SSMIN(Marginal_Costs[Gas]+CO2_Rates[Gas]*Permit_Auction_Price[2],Peak_Loader_Prices)d"# )))d) ) )))!" #%"& ܜ/& \'(2cU??????B5Offered_CapacityVVGeneration_Capacity[Technology,Firm]*MIN(1,Emission_Permits[Firm]/CO2_per_Firm[Firm])$$gxy*+, !Generation capacity to participate in the daily market. Each firm will try to bid for its entire capacity, only limited by its available CO2 permits." #$ %"& ܜ/& \"'(2g B?????B?6 Generators !" #'(2g ?????B?7Energy Policy !" #'(2-ct@E??@E@\YZ@\YZ???B? 8@\YZRequired_Permits[2]uuMAX(0,(CO2_per_Firm[2]*365-Emission_Permits[2]))^(Permit_Auction_Price[2]^.1/(ARRAYSUM(Permit_Auction_Price[*])^.1)) dc \)))m) )) )))d) )?)))c)d)B)) )?))) )!" #%& ܜ/'(2g ?????B?9Permit Market !" #'(2l@=,}??@E !9@=,}@=,}@=,}@vB?B:@=,}In_Construction[Gas,1]0 @@F )!" #%"& \& ܜ/'(2l@=,}??@E !9@=,}@=,}@=,}@vB?B;@=,}In_Construction[Gas,2]0 AAG )!" #%"& \& ܜ/'(2c G??j????<Permit_MarketHHPermit_Distribution[Firm]+Emission_Permits[Firm]-CO2_per_Firm[Firm]*365B? !kkDifference between granted and current permits with respect to those required to operate at full capacity." #$%& ܜ/=>'(2c><@蔈UgI(??@蔈UgI(@9اd@9اd???B?=@9اdPermit_Market[1]??Permit_Distribution[1]+Emission_Permits[1]-CO2_per_Firm[1]*365CE ))) ))m) ) !" #%& ܜ/'(2c><@,2\otgB??@,2\otgB@i@i???B?>@iPermit_Market[2]??Permit_Distribution[2]+Emission_Permits[2]-CO2_per_Firm[2]*365DH ))) ))m) ) !" #%& ܜ/'(2c??1?????ExcessMAX(Permit_Market[Firm],0)<NJ !22Permits in excess of the estimated annual demand." #$%& ܜ/EH'(2af I@>HP??@E !9@>HP@>HP???BB@@>HPInvestments[Gas,1]PULSE(1,365,365)*(Average_Demand*1.2*(1+Fractional_Demand_Growth_Rate)^(Construction_Time[Gas]+Average_Depreciation_Times[Gas])*ARRAYSUM(Generation_Capacity[*,1])/ARRAYSUM(Generation_Capacity[*,*])-(ARRAYSUM(Generation_Capacity[*,1])+ARRAYSUM(In_Construction[*,1]))*(1-1/Average_Depreciation_Times[Gas])^(1+Construction_Time[Gas]+Average_Depreciation_Times[Gas]))*Technology_Selection[1,Gas]/ARRAYSUM(Technology_Selection[1,*])*.25 + 0*(Capital[1]+Auction_Payments[1]+Investment_Costs[Gas]) {PULSE(1,365,365)*MIN((Capital[Firma]-Pagos_por_Subastas[Firma])*/Costos_de_Inversin[Tecnologa],(Demanda_Promedio*0.95-ARRAYSUM(Capacidad_de_Generacin[*,*])/DIMSIZE(Costos_de_Inversin[*])))}$$$w+LM:! Qp: $II))m)m))))))?33)3333) ))$) )w)+) )) ))L)B)) )))L)M)B)) ))L)B))):)B)) )))+) ) ))w) )+) )) ) ) )!) ) )!)B)) )n0)?)) ))Q)) )) ) ) !" #%"& \& ܜ/'(2af I@>HP??@E !9@>HP@>HP???BBA@>HPInvestments[Gas,2]PULSE(1,365,365)*(Average_Demand*1.2*(1+Fractional_Demand_Growth_Rate)^(Construction_Time[Gas]+Average_Depreciation_Times[Gas])*ARRAYSUM(Generation_Capacity[*,2])/ARRAYSUM(Generation_Capacity[*,*])-(ARRAYSUM(Generation_Capacity[*,2])+ARRAYSUM(In_Construction[*,2]))*(1-1/Average_Depreciation_Times[Gas])^(1+Construction_Time[Gas]+Average_Depreciation_Times[Gas]))*Technology_Selection[2,Gas]/ARRAYSUM(Technology_Selection[2,*])*.25 + 0*(Capital[2]+Auction_Payments[2]+Investment_Costs[Gas]) {PULSE(1,365,365)*MIN((Capital[Firma]-Pagos_por_Subastas[Firma])*/Costos_de_Inversin[Tecnologa],(Demanda_Promedio*0.95-ARRAYSUM(Capacidad_de_Generacin[*,*])/DIMSIZE(Costos_de_Inversin[*])))}$$$w+ML;#"Rq; $II))m)m))))))?33)3333) ))$) )w)+) )) ))M)B)) )))L)M)B)) ))M)B)));)B)) )))+) ) ))w) )+) )) ) ) )#) )")#)B)) )))?)) ))R)) )) ) ) !" #%"& \& ܜ/'(2c??A????BDefectMAX(-Permit_Market[Firm],0)<NI !BBCO2 permits in defect with respect to the expected annual demand." #$%& ܜ/CD'(2c B@gI(??@gI(???B?C Defect[1]MAX(-Permit_Market[1],0)=OI )=))))!" #%& ܜ/'(2c B@tgB??@tgB???B?D Defect[2]MAX(-Permit_Market[2],0)>SI )>))))!" #%& ܜ/'(2c ?@蔈U??@蔈U@9اd@9اd???B?E@9اd Excess[1]MAX(Permit_Market[1],0)=OJ )=)))!" #%& ܜ/'(2m @=,}??@E !9@=,}@=,}???BBF@=,}New_Available Capacity[Gas,1]Construction_Time[Gas]w:L )w!" #%"& \& ܜ/'(2m @=,}??@E !9@=,}@=,}???BBG@=,}New_Available Capacity[Gas,2]Construction_Time[Gas]w;M )w!" #%"& \& ܜ/'(2c ?@,2\o??@,2\o@i@i???B?H@i Excess[2]MAX(Permit_Market[2],0)>SJ )>)))!" #%& ܜ/'(2E @`E&z??@`E&z9???B?I Total_DefectARRAYSUM(Defect[*]) CDBKNOS )C)D)B)!::Total number of permits needed by firms short of permits." #'(2E @tB??@tB@tB@tBL???B?J@tB Total_ExcessARRAYSUM(Excess[*]) EH?KNOS )E)H)B)!MMTotal number of permits that can be offered among firms with excess permits." #'(2c@ͯƷ??@ͯƷ???B?KAmount_of_Permits_InterchangedMIN(Total_Defect,Total_Excess)IJNOS )I)J))!Volume of permits to be traded. Assumes firms are willing to interchange any permits in excess of its yearly demand, estimated using the average demand. " #'(2s @^ ??@RX{Bt@^ @Y1v @Y1v ????E:(B?BL@Y1v Generation Capacity[Gas,1]0( @AF )!" #%"& \& ܜ/'(2!s#  @d@[UM??@RX{Bt@d@[UM@^nT9@^nT9????J0C$B@d?BM@^nT9Generation Capacity[Gas,2]$$Peak_Demand*.95/DIMSIZE(Capital[*])"PQR( @AG $ )")*)?ff)ffff) )P)N)) !" #%"& \& ܜ/'(2c??:????NFinal_InterchangeIF (Amount_of_Permits_Interchanged>0) THEN (SWITCH(Defect[Firm]/Total_Defect,Excess[Firm]/Total_Defect)*2-1)*MAX(Defect[Firm]/Total_Defect,Excess[Firm]/Total_Excess)*Amount_of_Permits_Interchanged ELSE 0 KBI?J !;;Excess permits are interchanged in proportion to defects. " #$%& ܜ/OS'(25cN@ͯƷtgB??@ͯƷtgB???B?OFinal_Interchange[1]IF (Amount_of_Permits_Interchanged>0) THEN (SWITCH(Defect[1]/Total_Defect,Excess[1]/Total_Defect)*2-1)*MAX(Defect[1]/Total_Defect,Excess[1]/Total_Excess)*Amount_of_Permits_Interchanged ELSE 0 KCIEJ |)K)))))C)I) )E)I) )))) )) )C)I) )E)J) ))) )K) )))!" #%& ܜ/'(2sC??????BPCapital0 M{ U{Z )!Firm's balance in dollars. " #$%& ܜ/"QR'(USD US Dollars  usd2s PAcwAfB>EEPAb*ľn%yA(O"閌AcwAcwAcw???B?BQAcw Capital[1]0 M| @V|[ )!" #%& ܜ/'(M2s PAگwAfB>EEP?A(O"閌AگwAگwAگw???B?BRAگw Capital[2]0 M} AW}\ )!" #%& ܜ/'(M25cN@tgBͯƷ??@tgBͯƷ???B?SFinal_Interchange[2]IF (Amount_of_Permits_Interchanged>0) THEN (SWITCH(Defect[2]/Total_Defect,Excess[2]/Total_Defect)*2-1)*MAX(Defect[2]/Total_Defect,Excess[2]/Total_Excess)*Amount_of_Permits_Interchanged ELSE 0 KDIHJ |)K)))))D)I) )H)I) )))) )) )D)I) )H)J) ))) )K) )))!" #%& ܜ/'(2c ?Yi?s_d??Yi>}4?Yi?s_d?s_d?s_d???B?09?BT?s_dDiscount_Factor 1*EXP(-(365-MOD(TIME,365))/120)cd 8))m)))m),)) ))x) ))) !Percentage of the future value of an emission permit at risk. As the year advances, players are assumed to have a higher discount rate. " #'(2f$E??D???BURevenue%%Market_Clearing_Price*Dispatch[Firm]gP !EEFirm's revenue from sales on the electricity market. Units: $ / Day." #$%& ܜ/"VW'(USD/dayUS dollars per day  usd  day2f !UA({??@̿A({AOJ6AdN???B@F(sBVAdN Revenue[1]""Market_Clearing_Price*Dispatch[1]xQ ))x) !" #%& ܜ/'(2f !UA({??@̿A({AOJ*AdN???B@F(sBWAdN Revenue[2]""Market_Clearing_Price*Dispatch[2]yR ))y) !" #%& ܜ/'(2f {H??Z???BZ Spenditures||ARRAYSUM(Investment_Costs_for_the_Year[*,Firm])+ARRAYSUM(Operational_Costs[Firm,*])+PULSE(1,365,365)*Auction_Payments[Firm]kP ![[Spenditures, including investments in new capacity, auctions, and marginal costs (fuel). " #$%& ܜ/"[\'(2(fsZAlY&'??ANAlY&'@K AWĂb!???B@/Gs`B[AWĂb!Spenditures[1]ttARRAYSUM(Investment_Costs_for_the_Year[*,1])+ARRAYSUM(Operational_Costs[1, *])+PULSE(1,365,365)*Auction_Payments[1]lpkQ H)l)p)B))))B)) ))m)m))))) ) !" #%& ܜ/'(2(fsZAu~)??ANAu~)@€ Au~)???B@? ODB\Au~)Spenditures[2]ttARRAYSUM(Investment_Costs_for_the_Year[*,2])+ARRAYSUM(Operational_Costs[2, *])+PULSE(1,365,365)*Auction_Payments[2]mqkR H)m)q)B))))B)) ))m)m))))) ) !" #%& ܜ/'(2$cQ @~#F?"E @rQ?@M#N@~#F?"E @bߋ2b@bߋ2b???B?"E ?Bc@bߋ2bPermit_Auction_Price[1]RRMAX(1,ARRAYSUM(Value_at_Risk[1, *]))/ARRAYSUM(Required_CO2[1, *])*Discount_FactorT8./ 8))))B))))))B)) )T) !" #%& ܜ/'(2$cQ @ME?gxQ??@M#N@ME?gxQ@9V@9V???B?gxQ?Bd@9VPermit_Auction_Price[2]RRMAX(1,ARRAYSUM(Value_at_Risk[2, *]))/ARRAYSUM(Required_CO2[2, *])*Discount_FactorT834 8))))B))))))B)) )T) !" #%& ܜ/'(2c??y?????g DispatchIF (ARRAYSUM(Offered_Capacity[*,*])>0) THEN MIN(Daily_Electricity_Demand,ARRAYSUM(Offered_Capacity[*,*]))*ARRAYSUM(Offered_Capacity[Firm,*])/ARRAYSUM(Offered_Capacity[*,*]) ELSE 0 5! %*U !zzPortion of the daily electricity demand assigned to a firm, in proportion to its offered generation capacity. Units: MWh." #$%& ܜ/"xy'(2c=J??I????OhBase_Fixed_Investment Costs>>(Peak_Loader_Prices-Base_Marginal_Costs[Technology])*.2*365*2 !JJCost of increasing one MWh of a given generation technology. Units: $/MWh" #$%& \ij'(2!c!7h A A ??@ɪ@ɪA A A A ???BA ?OiA ""Base_Fixed_Investment Costs[Coal]88(Peak_Loader_Prices-Base_Marginal_Costs[Coal])*.2*365*2 , ))) )Y)?ə)) )m) )) !" #%& \'(2!c 6h A NA N??@@A NA NA NA N???BA N?OjA N!!Base_Fixed_Investment Costs[Gas]77(Peak_Loader_Prices-Base_Marginal_Costs[Gas])*.2*365*2 , ))) ))?ə)) )m) )) !" #%& \'(2c9P??'????BkInvestment_Costs for_the_Year::Investment_Costs[Technology]*Investments[Technology,Firm] Z[\ !((Cost of capacity investments. Units: $." #$ %"& \& ܜ/"lm"pq'(M2c%*k??ADP???B?Bl&&Investment_Costs for_the_Year[Coal,1]++Investment_Costs[Coal]*Investments[Coal,1] [ )) ) !" #%"& \& ܜ/'(M2c%*k??ADP???B?Bm&&Investment_Costs for_the_Year[Coal,2]++Investment_Costs[Coal]*Investments[Coal,2] \ )) ) !" #%"& \& ܜ/'(M2c$(kAW-'??A 4AW-'AW-'AW-'???B?BpAW-'%%Investment_Costs for_the_Year[Gas,1]))Investment_Costs[Gas]*Investments[Gas,1]@[ ))@) !" #%"& \& ܜ/'(M2c$(kAW-'??A 4AW-'AW-'AW-'???B?BqAW-'%%Investment_Costs for_the_Year[Gas,2]))Investment_Costs[Gas]*Investments[Gas,2]A\ ))A) !" #%"& \& ܜ/'(M2gO?????B?tGeneration Technology !" #'(2cT??B????OuConstruction Time365  )m!CCTiempo necesario para adquirir nueva capacidad de cada tecnologa." #$%& \vw'(2cu@v@v??@v@v@v@v@v@v???B@v?Ov@vConstruction Time[Coal]365   )m!" #%& \'(2cu@v@v??@v@v@v@v@v@v???B@v?Ow@vConstruction Time[Gas]365FG@A )m!" #%& \'(28c  g"@dԣ??@X!"V@dԣ@^nT9@^nT9???B@X2nf??x@^nT9 Dispatch[1]IF (ARRAYSUM(Offered_Capacity[*,*])>0) THEN MIN(Daily_Electricity_Demand,ARRAYSUM(Offered_Capacity[*,*]))*ARRAYSUM(Offered_Capacity[1, *])/ARRAYSUM(Offered_Capacity[*,*]) ELSE 0 5!%+,V "")))))B))))!))!)))))B))))))B)) )))))B)) )"))!" #%& ܜ/'(28c  g"@dԣ??@X!"V@dԣ@^nT9@^nT9???B@X2nf??y@^nT9 Dispatch[2]IF (ARRAYSUM(Offered_Capacity[*,*])>0) THEN MIN(Daily_Electricity_Demand,ARRAYSUM(Offered_Capacity[*,*]))*ARRAYSUM(Offered_Capacity[2, *])/ARRAYSUM(Offered_Capacity[*,*]) ELSE 0 5!%W "")))))B))))!))!)))))B))))))B)) )))))B)) )"))!" #%& ܜ/'(2b f??p???B{ Interestsggif (Capital[Firm]>0) then Investment_Interest_Rate*Capital[Firm] else Loan_Interest_Rate*Capital[Firm]PP !qqInterests accrued. The fractional interest rate depends on the balance being positive or negative. Units: $/Day." #$%& ܜ/"|}'(2#b ]{ @O+??@[~3s @O+@aT{@O+???BB|@O+ Interests[1]^^if (Capital[1]>0) then Investment_Interest_Rate*Capital[1] else Loan_Interest_Rate*Capital[1]QQ 4 )Q))) )))Q) ) )))Q) !" #%& ܜ/'(2#b ]{ @`ɬ??@[~3s @`ɬ@^gm@`ɬ???BB}@`ɬ Interests[2]^^if (Capital[2]>0) then Investment_Interest_Rate*Capital[2] else Loan_Interest_Rate*Capital[2]RR 4 )R))) )))R) ) )))R) !" #%& ܜ/'(2c???,ec?,ec<???B?BLoan_Interest Rate.0/365{|} )!==Fractional interest rate when balances are negative. $/$/Day" #'(2s??1????BEmission PermitsCO2_per_Firm[Firm]*365 5< !22CO2 emission permits. One permit = One CO2 ton. " #$%& ܜ/"'(2s@(??@ݡ(@(@nD@nD???@nDB@(?B@nDEmission Permits[1]CO2_per_Firm[1]*365 = ))m) !" #%& ܜ/'(2s@ط<??@ݡ(@ط<@#<@#<???@sOB@ ?B@#<Emission Permits[2]CO2_per_Firm[2]*365 8> ))m) !" #%& ܜ/'(2f]??6???BPermits_GrantedPermit_Distribution[Firm] !77New permits, which are distributed on an annual basis." #$%& ܜ/"'(2f@hZ ??@4.O@hZ ???BBPermits_Granted[1]Permit_Distribution[1] )!" #%& ܜ/'(2f@XG??@4.O@XG@_u???BB@_uPermits_Granted[2]Permit_Distribution[2] )!" #%& ܜ/'(2f U^??`???B Used_PermitsVVARRAYSUM(Permit_Usage_per_Technology[Firm,*])+PULSE(1,365,365)*Emission_Permits[Firm] !aaUsed CO2 emission permits, computed on a per-firm basis, as a function to the daily dispatch. " #$%& ܜ/"'(2#fP @x֧,u??@TBV@x֧,u@K3@nD???B@h2ngB@nDUsed_Permits[1]QQARRAYSUM(Permit_Usage_per_Technology[1, *])+PULSE(1,365,365)*Emission_Permits[1] 4 )))B)))m)m))))) ) !" #%& ܜ/'(2#fP @p)x??@TBV@p)x@(KFXb@sO???B@#3[B@sOUsed_Permits[2]QQARRAYSUM(Permit_Usage_per_Technology[2, *])+PULSE(1,365,365)*Emission_Permits[2] 4 )))B)))m)m))))) ) !" #%& ܜ/'(2snA??An/E A@???B? Social_Investment_Capital0 )!AACapital available to spend on social and conservation projects. " #'(2fpA??An/E AAU]Ke/???B AU]KeRevenue_from Emision_PermitsARRAYSUM(Revenue_per_Firm[*]) )))B)!00Revenue from emision permit auctions. Units: $." #'(2(f9q????? Program_Spenditures::Social_Investment_Capital/DIMSIZE(Cumulative_Spending[*])  !New Spenditures in social and conservation projects. As of now, money is split equally among available projects. Units: $/Year. " #$%&Op b0T& 123Proyectos_Sociales  '(2c Fu??????O CO2_RatesGGEffect_of_Learning_on_CO2_Rates[Technology]*Base_CO2_Rates[Technology]' %*- !Produccin de CO2 por MWh en funcin de la tecnologa utilizada para generar la electricidad. Esta tasa es funcin de la experiencia: cuando la capacidad total acumulada se incrementa, se producen menores cantidades de CO2. " #$%& \'(2cPv??=????OMarginal_CostsQQEffect_of_Learning_on_Marginal_Costs[Technology]*Base_Marginal_Costs[Technology]- !>>Marginal costs (fuel costs) per technology type. Units: $/MW." #$%& \'(2 cF 5@d??@W5~bf@d@6ގ@6ގ???B@d?B@6ގOffered_Capacity[1,Coal]GGGeneration_Capacity[Coal,1]*MIN(1,Emission_Permits[1]/CO2_per_Firm[1])gxy+, ))))) ))) !" #%"& ܜ/& \'(2 cE 5@^ ??@RX{Bt@^ @Y1v @Y1v ???B?B@Y1v Offered_Capacity[1,Gas]FFGeneration_Capacity[Gas,1]*MIN(1,Emission_Permits[1]/CO2_per_Firm[1])Lgxy+, )L)))) ))) !" #%"& ܜ/& \'(2 cF 5??@W5~bf???B?BOffered_Capacity[2,Coal]GGGeneration_Capacity[Coal,2]*MIN(1,Emission_Permits[2]/CO2_per_Firm[2])gxy ))))) ))) !" #%"& ܜ/& \'(2 cE 5@d??@RX{Bt@d@^nT9@^nT9???B@d?B@^nT9Offered_Capacity[2,Gas]FFGeneration_Capacity[Gas,2]*MIN(1,Emission_Permits[2]/CO2_per_Firm[2])Mgxy )M)))) ))) !" #%"& ܜ/& \'(2sG??E???? Cumulative_Spending0  )!FFCumulative spenditures in social and conservation programs. Units: $." #$%&Op : '(2sA)B??A`ѽA)BA)BA)B???B? A)BCumulative_Spending[1]0 )!" #%&Op :'(2c: @@????@@@@???B@?O@CO2_Rates[Coal];;Effect_of_Learning_on_CO2_Rates[Coal]*Base_CO2_Rates[Coal](&%+.3 ))() !" #%& \'(2c8 ?????????????B??O?CO2_Rates[Gas]99Effect_of_Learning_on_CO2_Rates[Gas]*Base_CO2_Rates[Gas])%,/4 )))) !" #%& \'(2cD@N@N??@N@N@N@N@N@N???B@N?O@NMarginal_Costs[Coal]EEEffect_of_Learning_on_Marginal_Costs[Coal]*Base_Marginal_Costs[Coal] .3 ))) !" #%& \'(2cB@T@S3 S?@T@Ncjs@T@T@T@S3 S@S3 S@S3 S???B@T?O@S3 SMarginal_Costs[Gas]CCEffect_of_Learning_on_Marginal_Costs[Gas]*Base_Marginal_Costs[Gas] /4 ))) !" #%& \'(2sA)B??A`ѽA)BA)BA)B???B? A)BCumulative_Spending[2]0 )!" #%&Op :'(2sA)B??A`ѽA)BA)BA)B???B? A)BCumulative_Spending[3]0 )!" #%&Op :'(2f9AwbÑH??ATbbAwbÑH???B Program_Spenditures[1]::Social_Investment_Capital/DIMSIZE(Cumulative_Spending[*]) )))N)) !" #%&Op :'(2f9AwbÑH??ATbbAwbÑH???B Program_Spenditures[2]::Social_Investment_Capital/DIMSIZE(Cumulative_Spending[*]) )))N)) !" #%&Op :'(2f9AwbÑH??ATbbAwbÑH???B Program_Spenditures[3]::Social_Investment_Capital/DIMSIZE(Cumulative_Spending[*]) )))N)) !" #%&Op :'(2c^ ??~??J????O Effect_of_Learning on_CO2_Rates__(Total_Capacity[Technology]+Depreciated_Capacity[Technology])/Reference_Capacities[Technology],XX?ٙ?陙?333334?@@333333@ffffff@ @ @XX??????????? !KKEffect of learning (cumulative capacity) on CO2 emission rates. Unitless. " #$%& \'(2c$^@Y??=????O%%Effect_of_Learning on_Marginal_Costs__(Total_Capacity[Technology]+Depreciated_Capacity[Technology])/Reference_Capacities[Technology], !>>Effect of learning on marginal production costs (fuel costs)." #$%& \'(2c%L ???????????????B??O?&&Effect_of_Learning on_CO2_Rates[Coal]MM(Total_Capacity[Coal]+Depreciated_Capacity[Coal])/Reference_Capacities[Coal]-XX?ٙ?陙?333334?@@333333@ffffff@ @ @XX??????????? ))-) )) !" #%& \'(2c$I ???????????????B??O?%%Effect_of_Learning on_CO2_Rates[Gas]JJ(Total_Capacity[Gas]+Depreciated_Capacity[Gas])/Reference_Capacities[Gas].XX?ٙ?陙?333334?@@333333@ffffff@ @ @XX??????????? )).) )) !" #%& \'(2c4K??g???? Revenue_per Firm55Permit_Distribution[Firm]*Permit_Auction_Price[Firm] !hhRevenue to the system operator / regulated from permit auctions computed on a per-firm basis. Units $. " #$%& ܜ/"'(2c*L ???????????????B??O?++Effect_of_Learning on_Marginal_Costs[Coal]MM(Total_Capacity[Coal]+Depreciated_Capacity[Coal])/Reference_Capacities[Coal]-XX?ə?ٙ?333334?陙??333333?ffffff???XX??????????? ))-) )) !" #%& \'(2c)I ????ȅ??????ȅ?ȅ?ȅ???B??O?ȅ**Effect_of_Learning on_Marginal_Costs[Gas]JJ(Total_Capacity[Gas]+Depreciated_Capacity[Gas])/Reference_Capacities[Gas].XX?ə?ٙ?333334?陙??333333?ffffff???XX????p =q?QR? =p? =p ?陙?\(?=p =? )).) )) !" #%& \'(2c.A`|??AN/E ʀA`|???B? Revenue_per Firm[1]//Permit_Distribution[1]*Permit_Auction_Price[1]c ))c) !" #%& ܜ/'(2c?!^g?!^g???!^g?!^g?!^g?!^g?!^g?!^g6???B?!^g?B?!^gInvestment Interest_Rate.05/365{|} ))?!)^g!77Interest rate for positive (capital) balances. $/$/day" #'(2c.A??AN/E ʀAAU]KeAU]Ke???B? AU]KeRevenue_per Firm[2]//Permit_Distribution[2]*Permit_Auction_Price[2]d ))d) !" #%& ܜ/'(2c :d??T????B Required_CO2;;Generation_Capacity[Technology,Firm]*CO2_Rates[Technology]cd !UUNumber of CO2 permits required per technology per firm to operate at full capacity. " #$ %"& ܜ/& \"'(2c+@t@Fގ??@W5~bf@rM5@t@Fގ@Fގ@Fގ???B@t?B@FގRequired_CO2[1,Coal],,Generation_Capacity[Coal,1]*CO2_Rates[Coal]c ))) !" #%"& ܜ/& \'(2c)@(h:T??@jT@(h:T@$'&n@$'&n???B?B@$'&nRequired_CO2[1,Gas]**Generation_Capacity[Gas,1]*CO2_Rates[Gas]Lc )L)) !" #%"& ܜ/& \'(2c+??@W5~bf@rM5???B?BRequired_CO2[2,Coal],,Generation_Capacity[Coal,2]*CO2_Rates[Coal]d ))) !" #%"& ܜ/& \'(2c)@0@&LD=Fl??@jT@0@&LD=Fl@(v@(v???B@0?B@(vRequired_CO2[2,Gas]**Generation_Capacity[Gas,2]*CO2_Rates[Gas]Md )M)) !" #%"& ܜ/& \'(2-c*??@TBV???B? CO2_ Emisions[2,Coal]IF (ARRAYSUM(Offered_Capacity[2, *])>0) THEN CO2_Rates[Coal]*Dispatch[2]*Offered_Capacity[2,Coal]/ARRAYSUM(Offered_Capacity[2, *]) ELSE 0 5y% T)))B)))))))y) )) )))B)) )))!" #%"& ܜ/& \'(2-c*@0xCO??@;q]hC@0xCO@(v@(v???B@#3[? @(vCO2_ Emisions[2,Gas]IF (ARRAYSUM(Offered_Capacity[2, *])>0) THEN CO2_Rates[Gas]*Dispatch[2]*Offered_Capacity[2,Gas]/ARRAYSUM(Offered_Capacity[2, *]) ELSE 0 5y% T)))B)))))))y) )) )))B)) )))!" #%"& ܜ/& \'(2ct??????BGeneration_by Technology TypeIF (ARRAYSUM(Offered_Capacity[Firm,*])>0) THEN MIN(Dispatch[Firm],ARRAYSUM(Offered_Capacity[Firm,*])) * Offered_Capacity[Firm,Technology]/ARRAYSUM(Offered_Capacity[Firm,*]) ELSE 05g !Generation to be done using each type of technology within a firm. The firm's dispatch is distributed proportionally among its different generation technologies. Units: MWh." #$ %"& ܜ/& \"'(21c%@dԣ??@TBV@dԣ@6ގ@6ގ???B@X2nf?B@6ގ&&Generation_by Technology Type[1,Coal]IF (ARRAYSUM(Offered_Capacity[1, *])>0) THEN MIN(Dispatch[1],ARRAYSUM(Offered_Capacity[1, *])) * Offered_Capacity[1,Coal]/ARRAYSUM(Offered_Capacity[1, *]) ELSE 05x d)))B))))))x)))B))))) )))B)) )))!" #%"& ܜ/& \'(21c$@^ ??@C&ڽ*@^ @Y1v @Y1v ???B?B@Y1v %%Generation_by Technology Type[1,Gas]IF (ARRAYSUM(Offered_Capacity[1, *])>0) THEN MIN(Dispatch[1],ARRAYSUM(Offered_Capacity[1, *])) * Offered_Capacity[1,Gas]/ARRAYSUM(Offered_Capacity[1, *]) ELSE 05x d)))B))))))x)))B))))) )))B)) )))!" #%"& ܜ/& \'(21c%??@TBV???B?B&&Generation_by Technology Type[2,Coal]IF (ARRAYSUM(Offered_Capacity[2, *])>0) THEN MIN(Dispatch[2],ARRAYSUM(Offered_Capacity[2, *])) * Offered_Capacity[2,Coal]/ARRAYSUM(Offered_Capacity[2, *]) ELSE 05y d)))B))))))y)))B))))) )))B)) )))!" #%"& ܜ/& \'(21c$@dԣ??@C&ڽ*@dԣ@^nT9@^nT9???B@X2nf?B@^nT9%%Generation_by Technology Type[2,Gas]IF (ARRAYSUM(Offered_Capacity[2, *])>0) THEN MIN(Dispatch[2],ARRAYSUM(Offered_Capacity[2, *])) * Offered_Capacity[2,Gas]/ARRAYSUM(Offered_Capacity[2, *]) ELSE 05y d)))B))))))y)))B))))) )))B)) )))!" #%"& ܜ/& \'(2cI{??=????BOperational CostsJJGeneration_by_Technology_Type[Firm,Technology]*Marginal_Costs[Technology]Z[\ !>>Operating costs (fuel costs) associated to each technology. " #$ %"& ܜ/& \"'(2c:@M>Yx??@Gԣ>1@M>Yx@nI@nI???B@/Gs`?B@nIOperational Costs[1,Coal];;Generation_by_Technology_Type[1,Coal]*Marginal_Costs[Coal][ ))) !" #%"& ܜ/& \'(2c8@sŠ??@fpm1t@sŠ@;2:@;2:???B?B@;2:Operational Costs[1,Gas]99Generation_by_Technology_Type[1,Gas]*Marginal_Costs[Gas][ ))) !" #%"& ܜ/& \'(2c:??@Gԣ>1???B?BOperational Costs[2,Coal];;Generation_by_Technology_Type[2,Coal]*Marginal_Costs[Coal]\ ))) !" #%"& ܜ/& \'(2c8@ɼSZ ̠??@fpm1t@ɼSZ ̠@}o*@}o*???B@? OD?B@}o*Operational Costs[2,Gas]99Generation_by_Technology_Type[2,Gas]*Marginal_Costs[Gas]\ ))) !" #%"& ܜ/& \'(2c;s??$????BAuction Payments<<Permit_Distribution[Firm]*ARRAYMIN(Permit_Auction_Price[*])cdZ  !%%Payment of adquired emision permits." #$%& ܜ/"'(2c8A`|??AN/E ʀA`|???B?BAuction Payments[1]99Permit_Distribution[1]*ARRAYMIN(Permit_Auction_Price[*])cd[ @ ))c)d)F)) !" #%& ܜ/'(2c8AoqEa}??AN/E ʀAoqEa}AoqEa}AoqEa}???B?BAoqEa}Auction Payments[2]99Permit_Distribution[2]*ARRAYMIN(Permit_Auction_Price[*])cd\ A ))c)d)F)) !" #%& ܜ/'(2b&??D???BPermit Trading''PULSE(1,1,365)*Final_Interchange[Firm]N !EEEmission permit trading. A positive value reflects an acquisition. " #$%& ܜ/"'(2b#@ͯƷtgB??@ͯƷtgB???BBPermit Trading[1]$$PULSE(1,1,365)*Final_Interchange[1]O )))m))))O) !" #%& ܜ/'(2b#@tgBͯƷ??@tgBͯƷ???BBPermit Trading[2]$$PULSE(1,1,365)*Final_Interchange[2]S )))m))))S) !" #%& ܜ/'(2b0??k???BRevenues_from Permit_Trading11-Permit_Trading[Firm]*Permit_Auction_Price[Firm]P !llRevenue obtained by trading emission permits. A sale will be reflected as a positive value. Units: $ / Day." #$%& ܜ/"'(2b*A)}}+K~xh??A)}}+K~xh???BB Revenues_from Permit_Trading[1]++-Permit_Trading[1]*Permit_Auction_Price[1]cQ )))c) !" #%& ܜ/'(2b*AvG|cLiF ??AvG|cLiF ???BB Revenues_from Permit_Trading[2]++-Permit_Trading[2]*Permit_Auction_Price[2]dR )))d) !" #%& ܜ/'(2cQ ?陙???A????>Impact_on_EfficiencyRRCumulative_Spending[Proyectos_Sociales]/Reference_Spenditures[Proyectos_Sociales]XX?ə?ٙ?333334?陙??333333?ffffff???XX???Ƨ-?"`??l?Vt?Q?lD?o?陙 !BBEffect of social and conservation projects on electricity demand." #$%&Op : '(2c/ ?陙???????陙???????B??>?Impact_on_Efficiency[1]00Cumulative_Spending[1]/Reference_Spenditures[1]XX?ə?ٙ?333334?陙??333333?ffffff???XX???Ƨ-?"`??l?Vt?Q?lD?o?陙 ))) !" #%&Op :'(2c/ ?陙???????陙???????B??>?Impact_on_Efficiency[2]00Cumulative_Spending[2]/Reference_Spenditures[2]XX?ə?ٙ?333334?陙??333333?ffffff???XX???Ƨ-?"`??l?Vt?Q?lD?o?陙 ))) !" #%&Op :'(2c/ ?陙???????陙???????B??>?Impact_on_Efficiency[3]00Cumulative_Spending[3]/Reference_Spenditures[3]XX?ə?ٙ?333334?陙??333333?ffffff???XX???Ƨ-?"`??l?Vt?Q?lD?o?陙 ))) !" #%&Op :'(2c??*????>Reference_Spenditures900000000000000000000 ))DHe)'=!++Reference spenditures for social projects." #$%&Op : '(2cDHe'=DHe'=??AcAcDHe'=DHe'=DHe'=DHe'=???BDHe'=?>DHe'=Reference_Spenditures[1]900000000000000000000 ))DHe)'=!" #%&Op :'(2cDHe'=DHe'=??AcAcDHe'=DHe'=DHe'=DHe'=???BDHe'=?>DHe'=Reference_Spenditures[2]900000000000000000000 )6)DHe)'=!" #%&Op :'(2cDHe'=DHe'=??AcAcDHe'=DHe'=DHe'=DHe'=???BDHe'=?>DHe'=Reference_Spenditures[3]900000000000000000000 )6)DHe)'=!" #%&Op :'(2c.??????>Log_of_Efficiency_Impacts//LOGN(Impact_on_Efficiency[Proyectos_Sociales])! !Logarithm of social program effects, applied in order to use iThink's arrays capabilities. See documentation of "Daily_Electricity_Demand"." #$%&Op : '(2c??̏ǚ ???B?>Log_of_Efficiency_Impacts[1]LOGN(Impact_on_Efficiency[1])! )) )!" #%&Op :'(2c??̏ǚ ???B?>Log_of_Efficiency_Impacts[2]LOGN(Impact_on_Efficiency[2])! )) )!" #%&Op :'(2c??̏ǚ ???B?>Log_of_Efficiency_Impacts[3]LOGN(Impact_on_Efficiency[3])! )) )!" #%&Op :'(2c@l䅡;,@hG_K??@jpr"=@e+*ᰧ@l䅡;,@hG_K@l/Pz5@l/Pz5Q???B@hL?>@l/Pz5Average_DemandCumulative_Demand/(TIME+365)  @A ))))m) ) !RRAverage observed demand, used in the computation of emision permits. Units: MWh. " #'(2cT??'????OInvestment_CostsUUBase_Fixed_Investment_Costs[Technology]*Effect_of_Learning_on_Investment[Technology]hk  !((Per unit investment costs. Units: $/MW." #$%& \'(2cHA A ??@ɪ@ɩA A A A ???BA ?OA Investment_Costs[Coal]IIBase_Fixed_Investment_Costs[Coal]*Effect_of_Learning_on_Investment[Coal]ilm  )i)) !" #%& \'(2cFA NA N??@@A NA NA NA N???BA N?OA NInvestment_Costs[Gas]GGBase_Fixed_Investment_Costs[Gas]*Effect_of_Learning_on_Investment[Gas]jpq@A )j)) !" #%& \'(2c ^????G????O!!Effect_of_Learning on_Investment__(Total_Capacity[Technology]+Depreciated_Capacity[Technology])/Reference_Capacities[Technology], !HHEffect of learning, as measured by total capacity, on investment costs." #$%& \'(2c&L ???????????????B??O?''Effect_of_Learning on_Investment[Coal]MM(Total_Capacity[Coal]+Depreciated_Capacity[Coal])/Reference_Capacities[Coal]-XX?ə?ٙ?333334?陙??333333?ffffff???XX??????????? ))-) )) !" #%& \'(2c%I ???????????????B??O?&&Effect_of_Learning on_Investment[Gas]JJ(Total_Capacity[Gas]+Depreciated_Capacity[Gas])/Reference_Capacities[Gas].XX?ə?ٙ?333334?陙??333333?ffffff???XX??????????? )).) )) !" #%& \'(2c#??4????OReference Capacities$$5*INIT(Generation_Capacity[Coal,1]) !55Reference values used in computing learning effects." #$%& \'(2c#@@??CAy7CAy7@@@@???B@?O@Reference Capacities[Coal]$$5*INIT(Generation_Capacity[Coal,1]) )))!)) !" #%& \'(2c#@@??CAy7CAy7@@@@???B@?O@Reference Capacities[Gas]$$5*INIT(Generation_Capacity[Coal,1]) )))!)) !" #%& \'(2c ??w????B CO2_per_FirmARRAYSUM(Required_CO2[Firm,*])5< !xxCO2 generation associated to operating all of a firms capacity along all technologies. Units: Tons of CO2 (or permits)." #$%& ܜ/"'(2c@t@K|??@X$ @ 뗲@t@K|@K|@K|???B@t?B@K|CO2_per_Firm[1]ARRAYSUM(Required_CO2[1, *]) = )))B)!" #%& ܜ/'(2c@0@&LD=Fl??@X$ @ 뗲@0@&LD=Fl@(v@(v???B@0?B@(vCO2_per_Firm[2]ARRAYSUM(Required_CO2[2, *]) 8> )))B)!" #%& ܜ/'(2s??A??>+$3??A?A?A???>ecB?? ?APercentage_of_CO2_Allowance1/ )!CO2 Allowance as a percentage of the potential CO2 emission rate, computed using the current capacities and technology portfolio. Unitless." #'(2c??O????BPermit_Usage per_Technologyif (ARRAYSUM(Offered_Capacity[Firm,*])>0) THEN Dispatch[Firm]/ARRAYSUM(Offered_Capacity[Firm,*])*Required_CO2[Firm,Technology] ELSE 05g !PPPermits consumed per-technology/per-firm computed based on the daily dispatch. " #$ %"& ܜ/& \"'(2+c#u@tԣ??@TBV@tԣ@Fގ@Fގ???B@h2ng?B@Fގ$$Permit_Usage per_Technology[1,Coal]vvif (ARRAYSUM(Offered_Capacity[1, *])>0) THEN Dispatch[1]/ARRAYSUM(Offered_Capacity[1, *])*Required_CO2[1,Coal] ELSE 0 5x L)))B))))))x)))B)) )) )))!" #%"& ܜ/& \'(2+c"t@(h:T???Z@(h:T@$'&n@$'&n???B?B@$'&n##Permit_Usage per_Technology[1,Gas]uuif (ARRAYSUM(Offered_Capacity[1, *])>0) THEN Dispatch[1]/ARRAYSUM(Offered_Capacity[1, *])*Required_CO2[1,Gas] ELSE 0 5x L)))B))))))x)))B)) )) )))!" #%"& ܜ/& \'(2+c#u??@TBV???B?B$$Permit_Usage per_Technology[2,Coal]vvif (ARRAYSUM(Offered_Capacity[2, *])>0) THEN Dispatch[2]/ARRAYSUM(Offered_Capacity[2, *])*Required_CO2[2,Coal] ELSE 0 5y L)))B))))))y)))B)) )) )))!" #%"& ܜ/& \'(2+c"t@0xCO???Z@0xCO@(v@(v???B@#3[?B@(v##Permit_Usage per_Technology[2,Gas]uuif (ARRAYSUM(Offered_Capacity[2, *])>0) THEN Dispatch[2]/ARRAYSUM(Offered_Capacity[2, *])*Required_CO2[2,Gas] ELSE 0 5y L)))B))))))y)))B)) )) )))!" #%"& ܜ/& \'(2f K??Z???B  DepreciationLLGeneration_Capacity[Technology,Firm]/Average_Depreciation_Times[Technology]), ![[Depreciated capacity, computed using a reference average depreciation time. Units MWh/Day." #$ %"& \& ܜ/"  "'(2f< ?Rnu!??m0???ip?[g+X??m0???B?Rnu!B ??m0Depreciation[Coal,1]==Generation_Capacity[Coal,1]/Average_Depreciation_Times[Coal]*- ))*) !" #%"& \& ܜ/'(2f< ???ip?[g+<???BB Depreciation[Coal,2]==Generation_Capacity[Coal,2]/Average_Depreciation_Times[Coal]*- ))*) !" #%"& \& ܜ/'(2f: ?A{???\C?A{?I4Ѡ?E:(???BB?E:(Depreciation[Gas,1];;Generation_Capacity[Gas,1]/Average_Depreciation_Times[Gas]L+L. )L)+) !" #%"& \& ܜ/'(2f: ?Rnu!?G6Wᆎ???\C?Rnu!?G6Wᆎ?M'{B2?J0C$???B?Rnu!B?J0C$Depreciation[Gas,2];;Generation_Capacity[Gas,2]/Average_Depreciation_Times[Gas]M+M. )M)+) !" #%"& \& ܜ/'(2c ^j??'????BValue_at Risk__(Average_Price-Marginal_Costs[Technology])/CO2_Rates[Technology]*Required_CO2[Firm,Technology]cd !((Estimated value of a single CO2 permit." #$ %"& ܜ/& \"'(2cIA&))>{??@ 9{A&))>{@V*}@V*}???B{?B@V*}Value_at Risk[1,Coal]JJ(Average_Price-Marginal_Costs[Coal])/CO2_Rates[Coal]*Required_CO2[1,Coal]c ))) )) )) !" #%"& ܜ/& \'(2cFA$E5??@&*e2A$E5AV.DAV.D???B?BAV.DValue_at Risk[1,Gas]GG(Average_Price-Marginal_Costs[Gas])/CO2_Rates[Gas]*Required_CO2[1,Gas]c ))) )) )) !" #%"& ܜ/& \'(2cI??@ 9{???B?BValue_at Risk[2,Coal]JJ(Average_Price-Marginal_Costs[Coal])/CO2_Rates[Coal]*Required_CO2[2,Coal]d ))) )) )) !" #%"& ܜ/& \'(2cFA ܪΞKA??@&*e2A ܪΞKAA5>@ A5>@ ???B?BA5>@ Value_at Risk[2,Gas]GG(Average_Price-Marginal_Costs[Gas])/CO2_Rates[Gas]*Required_CO2[2,Gas]d ))) )) )) !" #%"& ܜ/& \'(2c 6??G????B Portfolio77Total_Capacity[Technology]/ARRAYSUM(Total_Capacity[*]) !HHPercentage of the generation capacity of a given technology. Unitless. " #$%& \'(2c0??\f ???q+ ??eC??\f ?\f ?\f ???B??B?\f Portfolio[Coal]11Total_Capacity[Coal]/ARRAYSUM(Total_Capacity[*]) ))))B)) !" #%& \'(2c/?gs>@L???}@L??gs>@L?gs>@L???B??B?gs>@LPortfolio[Gas]00Total_Capacity[Gas]/ARRAYSUM(Total_Capacity[*]) ))))B)) !" #%& \'(2cm??????BTechnology SelectionnnIF (Auctioned_Electricity_Price[Firm,Technology]=ARRAYMIN(Auctioned_Electricity_Price[Firm,*])) THEN 1 ELSE 0- @A !Investment decision: players are assumed to be rational in that they choose to invest in the cheapest technology available. This is a decision in the game. " #$ %"& ܜ/& \" !"#'(2$cb ???@@?{NuƺbB????B??B Technology Selection[1,Coal]ccIF (Auctioned_Electricity_Price[1,Coal]=ARRAYMIN(Auctioned_Electricity_Price[1, *])) THEN 1 ELSE 0./- @ 0 ).).)/)F))) ))) ))!" #%"& ܜ/& \'(2$ca ????<}?}T̷??????B?B!?Technology Selection[1,Gas]bbIF (Auctioned_Electricity_Price[1,Gas]=ARRAYMIN(Auctioned_Electricity_Price[1, *])) THEN 1 ELSE 0/.- @ 0 )/).)/)F))) ))) ))!" #%"& ܜ/& \'(2$cb ???@@?{NuƺbB????B??B"Technology Selection[2,Coal]ccIF (Auctioned_Electricity_Price[2,Coal]=ARRAYMIN(Auctioned_Electricity_Price[2, *])) THEN 1 ELSE 034- A 0 )3)3)4)F))) ))) ))!" #%"& ܜ/& \'(2$ca ????<}?}T̷??????B?B#?Technology Selection[2,Gas]bbIF (Auctioned_Electricity_Price[2,Gas]=ARRAYMIN(Auctioned_Electricity_Price[2, *])) THEN 1 ELSE 043- A 0 )4)3)4)F))) ))) ))!" #%"& ܜ/& \'(2E"@t@kUM??@t@kUM@nnT9@nnT9*???B@t?B(@nnT9Total##ARRAYSUM(Generation_Capacity[*,*]) LM )))L)M)B)!++Total available generation capacity. MWh. " #'(2c??1????O)Average Depreciation Times5*365  )!!22Average depreciation time per type of technology." #$%& \*+'(2c )@@??@@@@???B@?O*@!!Average Depreciation Times[Coal]5*365   )!!" #%& \'(2c)@@??@@@@???B@?O+@ Average Depreciation Times[Gas]5*365@A )!!" #%& \'(2s??????B,Depreciated_Capacity0  )!Depreciated capacity. " #$%& \-.'(2s,@a.'o??@a.'o@a.'o@a.'o???B?B-@a.'oDepreciated_Capacity[Coal]0   )!" #%& \'(2s,@wۢ`??@wۢ`@wۢ`@wۢ`???B?B.@wۢ`Depreciated_Capacity[Gas]0 )!" #%& \'(2f >ec>ec??>ec>ec>ec>ec(???B>ec />ecCO2 AbatementCO2_Abatement_Rate/3650 )0)m) !))Daily rate of CO2 allowance abatements. " #'(2c?zG{?zG{???zG{?zG{?zG{?zG{G???B?zG{? 0?zG{CO2 Abatement Rate.01/ ))?z)G{!HHFractional rate at which CO2 allowance are abated. 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