Disequilibrium

    As was pointed out earlier, all actual social systems exist in a state of disequilibrium. This implies that actual social systems possess on-going pressures for change, and stocks that decouple flows and allow inflows to differ from outflows. It also implies that using equilibrium-based modeling techniques, such as many of those used in economics and management, will frequently not yield insights that directly relate to the dynamic behavior of actual social systems.